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The evolution of .NET has been significant to the development world, enabling developers to build diverse apps to operate on numerous platforms. .NET has progressed through various versions over the years, beginning from .NET 1.0 up to .NET 10. Microsoft still develops this robust framework by releasing new .NET 9 features upon the latest improvements to keep pace with changing developers’ needs after introducing .NET 9. You can conceive of .NET 9 as being exactly like .NET, but with the catch that it is the latest .NET, which Microsoft has introduced. In this blog, we will talk about what are minimal APIs, .NET 9 features, what’s new in .NET 9, and .NET 9 vs .NET 8.   

What are Minimal APIs?

With a minimal API, efficient APIs can be developed.  In contrast to typical frameworks that have numerous pre-installed components and dependencies, Minimal API centers around what’s actually required to implement an API.  This results in it being faster to develop, simpler to maintain, and leaner to deploy. They allow developers to build complete REST endpoints with optimized coding and setup. Instead of relying on a tube and fitting scaffolding, API paths and operations can be defined directly and fluently. 

Minimal APIs are suitable for microservices, small applications, or situations where the complete MVC (Model-View-Controller) framework is unnecessary. The primary aim is to keep API development as simple as possible without sacrificing performance or functionality.

.NET 9 vs .NET 8: What’s the Difference? 

Below we have listed the features .NET 9 vs .NET 8 offers based on your requirements, you can decide whether you want to migrate to .NET 9 or still want to stay stuck in previous versions: 

.NET 8: The New Standard

Released in November 2023, .NET 8 came packed with major improvements, including:

Native AOT: Think of this as supercharging your app’s startup speed and cutting down on memory usage. It’s especially ideal for things like microservices or cloud-native apps.

Improved performance: Everything just runs faster. And really, who doesn’t want that?

Cloud-native enhancements: With the debut of .NET Aspire—a cloud-first development stack—and upgrades to Azure integration, building and scaling cloud-native applications is now even easier.

Better Blazor: If you’re building web apps with Blazor, the latest improvements are a big plus.

Still using an older version of .NET? It’s like trading in an old, unreliable car for a modern vehicle with better performance and safety features. That’s the kind of upgrade .NET 8 delivers.

.NET 9: what’s new in .NET 9

Scheduled for November 2024 release, .NET 9 continues the legacy of its predecessors with major improvements, such as:

Improved performance: Anticipate advances like improved JIT compiler optimizations, improved garbage collection, and further development in native AOT compilation.

Language improvements: C# 13 and F# 7 bring new syntax as well as feature additions, including improved pattern matching, improved records, and static abstract member support.

Better async programming: Async streams get a boost, along with improved task scheduling for more responsive apps.

Stronger cloud-native support: Upgrades to Minimal APIs, built-in OpenTelemetry support, and more efficient container images make developing for the cloud even smoother.

Upgraded security and compliance: .NET 9 includes support for the latest encryption technologies, new cryptography APIs, and features to meet modern compliance requirements, including enhancements to code access security (CAS).

AI and machine learning integration: For developers looking to add AI/ML capabilities, .NET 9 delivers. With ML.NET integration, embedding custom machine learning models is easier than ever.

More Blazor improvements: While .NET 8 introduced major Blazor changes, .NET 9 focuses on refining them, adding support for features like custom rendering modes and constructor injection.

Hence, .NET 9 features make web development with .NET more efficient and streamline the entire development process, making it an ideal choice for developers.

Top .NET 9 Features Every Developer Should Know

Below we have listed a few top .NET 9 features you must know:

1. .NET 9 Runtime 

The .NET 9 runtime introduces an updated attribute-based model for feature switches that is compatible with trimming. This new design enables libraries to implement feature switches for controlling various aspects of functionality.

Garbage collection now includes a default feature known as dynamic adaptation to application size, which replaces Server GC as the standard.

Key Highlights:

Trimming-compatible attribute model for feature switches

Support for generic parameters in UnsafeAccessorAttribute

Enhanced garbage collection with dynamic application size adaptation

Broader runtime performance improvements

2. .NET Libraries

System.Text.Json now offers new configuration options for modifying both the indentation character and size when writing JSON output. 

For working with collections, the System.Collections. A generic namespace can now be used more extensively.

The PriorityQueue<TElement, TPriority> class has been enhanced with a Remove(TElement, TElement, TPriority, IEqualityComparer<TElement>) method, making it possible to update an element’s priority directly.

In cryptography, .NET 9 adds a one-shot hashing method to the CryptographicOperations class, along with new class implementations for the KMAC algorithm.

The PersistedAssemblyBuilder class enables the saving of emitted assemblies. It also supports emitting PDB files, which include symbol data useful for debugging generated assemblies.

Lastly, the TimeSpan class introduces new From* methods that create TimeSpan instances from integers instead of doubles, helping to minimize errors associated with floating-point imprecision.

3. NET SDK

This .NET 9 features comes with the workload sets that keep all workloads in a single version until any update happens externally.     

Unit testing now integrates more seamlessly with MSBuild, supporting parallel test execution.

By default, the terminal logger is active, and features enhanced usability—for instance, build summaries now include a total count of failures and warnings.

New MSBuild script analyzers, known as “build checks,” are available to help identify issues early.

Additionally, the SDK can now identify and adapt to version mismatches between the .NET SDK and MSBuild.

4. ML.NET

ML.NET is an open-source, cross-platform framework that enables you to incorporate custom machine learning models into .NET applications. The latest release, ML.NET 4.0, adds enhanced tokenizer support for Tiktoken and introduces compatibility with models like Llama and CodeGen.

5. NET MAUI (Multi-platform App UI)

This helps you develop native apps using only a single codebase. 

6. .NET Aspire

Another .NET 9 features, offering a comprehensive set of equipment and templates to develop stable and reliable applications. Its recent versions provide other advanced features and integration with new APIs, which are compatible with both .NET 8 as well as .NET9. 

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